Suchergebnisse

This study evaluates the degree to which economic evaluations help to explain attitudes toward peace among Palestinians and Israelis in the years following the 1993 Oslo accords. It first applies insights from political science and economics to the Israeli-Palestinian context, deriving hypotheses that are then tested using survey data from Israel and Palestine (West Bank and Gaza) collected between 1996 and 2001. Findings show that economic orientations have both a direct and indirect impact on attitudes toward negotiations and compromise. On one hand, economic evaluations are directly related to foreign policy attitudes through what appear to be cost-benefit calculations regarding the expected economic consequences of peace. Economic judgments also influence attitudes toward peace indirectly by contributing to levels of confidence in political leaders, which in turn influence the way that citizens assess the peace negotiations in which their leaders are engaged.

This article examines the impact of religious orientation on attitudes toward the Arab-Israeli conflict using survey data from five Arab countries: Egypt, Kuwait, Palestine, Jordan, and Lebanon. Consistent with past research that has demonstrated the structural complexity of religious orientations, the present analysis reveals an empirical distinction between personal and political dimensions of religion in all cases where data are available. The relationship between each dimension and attitudes toward the Arab-Israeli conflict is different, with the same pattern of relationships observed cross nationally. Specifically, support for political Islam is associated with unfavorable attitudes toward a peaceful resolution of the conflict, and personal religiosity and piety are unrelated to attitudes toward the conflict. The consistency of the variable relationships found in the Arab world, in comparison with findings from research based on Western countries, suggests that relationships between religious orientations and political attitudes may be more stable in regions where secularism is less pronounced.

Die sozialwissenschaftliche These, nach der Frauen friedensorientierter sind als Männer, wird anhand der Ergebnisse zweier israelischer Meinungsumfragen sowie von Umfrageergebnissen aus Ägypten, Kuwait, Jordanien, Libanon und Palästina unter zwei - zusammenhängenden - Zielsetzungen getestet: (1) Einbeziehung Israels in den wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisprozeß über die Validität der These in Abhängigkeit von unterschiedlichen sozialen und politischen Kontexten; (2) Vergleich der Befunde aus Israel mit anderen nahöstlichen Gesellschaften, um herauszufinden, ob systemspezifische Parameter die Gültigkeit der These beeinflussen. Ergebnis der Analyse, das für Israel wie für die untersuchten arabischen Gesellschaften gilt: sowohl auf die jeweilige Gesamtbevölkerung bezogen als auch nach dem Grad der Religiosität unterschieden ist kein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen Geschlechtszugehörigkeit und Haltung gegenüber internationalen Konflikten erkennbar. (DÜI-Hns)